One of such important factors is the type of muscle contraction. Structured exercise is regarded as an effective method to prevent, delay, or attenuate the effect of aging, especially in terms of functional ability and physiological changes ( Viña et al., 2016).Ī plethora of factors needs to be considered in exercise prescription. Exercise interventions have been shown to improve cardiovascular health, decrease occurrence of sarcopenia and decrease fragility and risk of falling ( Macaluso and De Vito, 2004 Benichou and Lord, 2016). In conclusion, our literature review indicates that ECC exercise is superior to, or at least as good as CON exercise for preserving health and overall function in older adults.Īging is associated with numerous physiological and morphological changes, related to declines in functional abilities and susceptibility to age-related diseases, which negatively influences the quality of life and independency ( Deschenes, 2004 Capodaglio et al., 2005). The effects on body composition and muscle architecture were unclear (SMD = −1.44 to 1.95 p = 0.060–0.689). ECC exercise elicited greater improvements in timed up and go test (SMD = −0.68 p = 0.004), 2-min sit-stand test (SMD = 0.53 p = 0.030) and 30-s sit-stand test (SMD = 0.81 p = 0.002), but not in 6-min walking test (SMD = 0.01 p = 0.960). Regarding isometric knee strength, the pooled effect favored ECC (SMD = 0.50), but was not statistically significant ( p = 0.160). The difference between ECC and CON was expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). ECC and CON training programs were typically matched by the duration of each session. Three major scientific literature databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were screened for trials comparing the effect of ECC and CON exercise programs, and 19 papers were included in the meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria regarding the age was >55 years. traditional or concentric (CON) exercise on muscle strength, body composition and functional performance in older adults. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of ECC exercise modalities vs. The effects of eccentric exercise (ECC) in older adults have received limited scientific attention, considering the ample evidence for its effectiveness in general and athletic populations.
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